硼酸的理论组成是氧化硼和水，它是一种白色晶体，可以制成颗粒或粉末。这两种形式在一般条件下都是稳定的，有流动性，可以很容易地用气流或机械输送，溶液呈微酸性。生产硼酸的方法按处理方式的不同可分为一步法和两步法。下面跟随小编一起了解下：

The theoretical composition of boric acid is boron oxide and water. It is a white crystal and can be made into particles or powders. These two forms are stable under general conditions, have fluidity, can be easily transported by air or machinery, and the solution is slightly acidic. The methods of producing boric acid can be divided into one-step and two-step according to different treatment methods. Let's follow Xiaobian to understand:

一步法是以无机酸直接处理含硼矿物制备硼酸的工艺方法，其中包括硫酸法、盐酸法、硝酸法等。目前，我国硼酸工业以硫酸法为主，其它方法应用不多。

One step process is a process for preparing boric acid by directly treating boron bearing minerals with inorganic acid, including sulfuric acid method, hydrochloric acid method, nitric acid method, etc. At present, China's boric acid industry is mainly based on sulfuric acid method, and other methods are rarely used.

两步法是以硫酸、盐酸、硝酸处理工业硼砂（十水硼砂或五水硼砂）制备硼酸的方法，其中硫酸法是我国采用较早的生产工艺。近年来，以硝酸处理十水硼砂和五水硼砂生产硼酸，联产硝酸钠的硝酸法工艺发展迅速，已成为我国两步法硼酸重要的工艺方法。

The two-step method is a method to prepare boric acid by treating industrial borax (borax decahydrate or borax pentahydrate) with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The sulfuric acid method is an earlier production process in China. In recent years, the nitric acid process of treating borax decahydrate and borax pentahydrate with nitric acid to produce boric acid and co producing sodium nitrate has developed rapidly, and has become an important two-step boric acid process in China.

以硫酸为分解剂处理含硼矿物的一步法工艺，其优点在于工艺成熟、流程简单、设备投资少、操作容易。因此，长期以来一直受到人们的重视。但也存在对品位要求较高，不适于处理低品位硼矿。

The one-step process of treating boron bearing minerals with sulfuric acid as decomposition agent has the advantages of mature process, simple process, less equipment investment and easy operation. Therefore, people have been paying attention to it for a long time. However, there are also some problems that require high grade and are not suitable for processing low-grade boron ore.

设备腐蚀严重；在产品质量的控制方面局限性较大，硼收率低。缺少可靠的母液利用途径，对环境影响较大等不足。其中收率、质量和母液的综合利用是该工艺需要解决的三大课题。

Serious equipment corrosion; It has great limitations in product quality control and low boron yield. Lack of reliable utilization of mother liquor and great impact on the environment. The yield, quality and comprehensive utilization of mother liquor are the three major issues to be solved in this process.

当然要密闭保存。硼酸曾被其的人当作控制蟑螂、白蚁、火蚁、跳蚤、蠹鱼和其他害虫的杀虫剂，硼酸会影响它们的新陈代谢和腐蚀掉它们的外骨骼。它可以做成含有引诱剂（砂糖等）的饵杀死昆虫，直接用干燥的硼酸也有同样的效果。

Of course, keep it sealed. Boric acid was once used by people in the country as an insecticide to control cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, bark beetles and other pests. Boric acid will affect their metabolism and corrode their exoskeletons. It can be made into baits containing attractants (sugar, etc.) to kill insects. Direct use of dry boric acid has the same effect.

硼酸的用途也很多，例如，在玻纤生产中经可降低熔融温度从而有助于拉丝。一般来讲，B2O3可以降低粘度、控制热膨胀、阻止失透、提高化学稳定性、提高抗机械冲击和热冲击能力。在要求钠含量较低的玻璃生产中硼酸常常与钠硼酸盐（如五水硼砂或无水硼砂）混合使用以调节玻璃中的钠硼比。

Boric acid is also used for many purposes. For example, in the production of glass fiber, it can reduce the melting temperature to facilitate drawing. In general, B2O3 can reduce viscosity, control thermal expansion, prevent devitrification, improve chemical stability, and improve mechanical and thermal shock resistance. Boric acid is often mixed with sodium borates (such as borax pentahydrate or anhydrous borax) to adjust the ratio of sodium to boron in glass production requiring low sodium content.

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