氢氧化钾,是一种常见的无机碱,化学式为KOH,分子量为56.1。白色粉末或片状固体,熔点380℃,沸点1324℃,相对密度2.04g/cm3,折射率n20/D1.421,蒸汽压1mmHg(719℃)。
Potassium hydroxide is a common inorganic base. Its chemical formula is KOH, and its molecular weight is 56.1. White powder or sheet solid, melting point 380 ℃, boiling point 1324 ℃, relative density 2.04g/cm3, refractive index n20/D1.421, vapor pressure 1mmHg (719 ℃).
1、隔膜电解法原料氯化钾在化盐槽溶化成饱和溶液,加热90℃时分别加入碳酸钾、苛性钾、氯化钡除去钙、镁和硫酸根等杂质,经沉降除渣、盐酸中和、精制的含氯化钾280~315g/L的氯化钾溶液经预热到70~75℃后进行电解,得氢氧化钾、氯气和氢气。隔膜法所得氢氧化钾浓度为10%~11%,需通过蒸发浓缩和冷却澄清,制得含45%~50%氢氧化钾溶液;也可继续在熬碱锅中浓缩,经脱色,制得固体氢氧化钾,或经制片成片状氢氧化钾产品。
1. The raw potassium chloride of diaphragm electrolysis method is dissolved into a saturated solution in the salt dissolving tank. When it is heated to 90 ℃, potassium carbonate, caustic potassium and barium chloride are added to remove impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate radical. The potassium chloride solution containing 280 ~ 315g/L potassium chloride, neutralized by hydrochloric acid and refined by sedimentation and deslagging, is preheated to 70 ~ 75 ℃ and then electrolyzed to obtain potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen. The concentration of potassium hydroxide obtained by diaphragm method is 10%~11%, which needs to be concentrated by evaporation and clarified by cooling to prepare potassium hydroxide solution containing 45%~50%; It can also be concentrated in the alkali boiling pot and decolorized to obtain solid potassium hydroxide or flaked potassium hydroxide products.
2、水银电解法电解液的配制同隔膜电解法。电解室中以石墨(或金属)作阳,水银作阴,电解产生的氯气送氯气干燥工序,生成的钾汞齐流入解汞室。大部分未反应的氯化钾以淡盐水状态经处理后,返回原料溶解工序。钾汞齐与清水反应生成氢氧化钾和氢气。因解汞室出来的氢氧化钾浓度为45%~50%,可作为液体氢氧化钾产品,也可再经熬碱锅蒸浓成固碱或制成片状氢氧化钾产品。
2. The preparation of electrolyte for mercury electrolysis is the same as that for diaphragm electrolysis. Graphite (or metal) is used as the positive and mercury as the negative in the electrolysis chamber. The chlorine generated by electrolysis is sent to the chlorine drying process, and the potassium amalgam generated flows into the mercury removal chamber. Most unreacted potassium chloride is treated in light brine and returned to the raw material dissolution process. Potassium amalgam reacts with clean water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. Since the concentration of potassium hydroxide from the mercury dissolving room is 45%~50%, it can be used as a liquid potassium hydroxide product, or it can be evaporated into solid alkali or made into flake potassium hydroxide products through the alkali boiling boiler.
3、工业上制取氢氧化钾是电解氯化钾的水溶液。因为氢氧化钾比氢氧化钠难脱水,市售品的纯度一般只能达到85%~86%。如需提纯可按照提纯氢氧化钠的相同的方法进行提纯。
3. The industrial preparation of potassium hydroxide is the aqueous solution of electrolytic potassium chloride. Because potassium hydroxide is harder to dehydrate than sodium hydroxide, the purity of commercially available products can only reach 85%~86%. If purification is required, the same method can be used to purify sodium hydroxide.
4、氯化钾经精制后,预热,不断注入电解槽中,电解生成液经浓缩、脱色而得。
4. After being refined, potassium chloride is preheated and continuously injected into the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic solution is obtained by concentrating and decoloring.
5、采用离子交换膜法,以工业品氢氧化钾作为阳室物质,纯水作为阴室物质,在直流场作用下,K+离子透过具有选择性的阳膜进入阴室与OH-离子生成试剂氢氧化钾,经浓缩、干燥得固体氢氧化钾。气体产物O2、H2分别由导管排出。
5. By adopting the ion exchange membrane method, industrial potassium hydroxide is used as the cation chamber material, and pure water is used as the anion chamber material. Under the action of the DC field, K+ions enter the anion chamber through the selective cation membrane to generate reagent potassium hydroxide with OH ions. After concentration and drying, solid potassium hydroxide is obtained. The gas products O2 and H2 are discharged from the pipe respectively.
6、通过高温加热碳酸钙生成氧化钙,氧化钙与水反应生成氢氧化钙,氢氧化钙与草木灰反应生成氢氧化钾!
6. Calcium oxide is generated by heating calcium carbonate at high temperature, calcium oxide reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide reacts with plant ash to generate potassium hydroxide!
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